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Revisiting the EU Cybersecurity Strategy: A Call for EU Cyber Diplomacy

In December 2020, the European Union (EU) presented its new strategy on cybersecurity with the aim of strengthening Europe’s technological and digital sovereignty. The document lists reform projects that will link cybersecurity more closely with the EU’s new rules on data, algorithms, markets, and Internet services. However, it clearly falls short of the development of a European cyber diplomacy that is committed to both “strategic openness” and the protection of the digital single market. In order to achieve this, EU cyber diplomacy should be made more coherent in its supranational, democratic, and economic/technological dimensions. Germany can make an important contribution to that by providing the necessary legal, technical, and financial resources for the European External Action Service (EEAS).

More external publications

  • Research and Analysis
Hand and Glove: How Authoritarian Cyber Operations Leverage Non-state Capabilities

26 June 2025
In this article, Jakob Bund examines how authoritarian states like Russia, China, and North Korea increasingly harness non-state cyber actors to expand their capabilities, blur attribution, and complicate global responses. He argues that this growing fusion of state and criminal or contractor activity demands integrated threat assessments and response tools that can operate independently of political attribution.

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