29.09.2026
In this article, Jonas Hemmelskamp, Nadja Douglas, and Simon Muschick examine how the OSCE can serve as a forum for cyber diplomacy and confidence-building despite geopolitical tensions.
Shifting Paradigms in Europe’s Approach to Cyber Defence
- 21 July 2023
- Bendiek, Annegret; Bund, Jakob
- EN
As high-level European Union (EU) policy documents call for investment in active cyber defence capabilities, the legal and political powers for their use remain ill-defined. To demonstrate their commitment to principles of responsible state behaviour and due diligence, the EU and its member states have a duty to establish the normative foundations for the use of active cyber defence measures ahead of their deployment, while carefully managing the risk of a gradual militarisation of the cyber and information domain.
More external publications
- Research and Analysis
24.08.2026
In this publication, Annegret Bendiek, Jonas Hemmelskamp, Michael Bayerlein, and Maik von der Forst analyse the current state of the healthcare sector as a target of malicious cyber activities on the national, European, and global levels.
26 June 2025
In this article, Jakob Bund examines how authoritarian states like Russia, China, and North Korea increasingly harness non-state cyber actors to expand their capabilities, blur attribution, and complicate global responses. He argues that this growing fusion of state and criminal or contractor activity demands integrated threat assessments and response tools that can operate independently of political attribution.