16.09.2026
In this article, Jonas Hemmelskamp, Nadja Douglas, and Simon Muschick examine how the OSCE can serve as a forum for cyber diplomacy and confidence-building despite geopolitical tensions.
Hand and Glove: How Authoritarian Cyber Operations Leverage Non-state Capabilities
- 26 June 2025
- Bund, Jakob
- EN
Authoritarian states are increasingly leveraging non-state cyber capabilities to expand their operational reach, thereby challenging conventional distinctions between state and non-state activity. This practice complicates attribution and presents obstacles for coordinated international responses. Moreover, as cyber threats become more complex and entangled, effective countermeasures necessitate enhanced information sharing, trusted partnerships and the development of response tools that function independently of political attribution.
More external publications
- Research and Analysis
24.08.2026
In this publication, Michael Bayerlein, Annegret Bendiek, Jonas Hemmelskamp, and Maik von der Forst analyse the current state of the healthcare sector as a target of malicious cyber activities on the national, European, and global levels.
22 August 2025
In this article, Annegret Bendiek and Jakob Bund analyse how authoritarian states use hybrid state/non-state networks to challenge Europe through obfuscating responsibility and escalating conflicts; Bendiek and Bund argue that the EU must reform its cybersecurity policy under a “Janus Principle” to strengthen resilience, coordination, and strategic effectiveness.