16.09.2026
In this article, Jonas Hemmelskamp, Nadja Douglas, and Simon Muschick examine how the OSCE can serve as a forum for cyber diplomacy and confidence-building despite geopolitical tensions.
Die normative Ordnung der Cyber-Sicherheit: zum Potenzial von Cyber-Sicherheitsnormen
- 28 January 2019
- Kettemann, Matthias C.
- DE
This working paper shows ways in which binding rules under international law can be developed in the area of cybersecurity. Non-binding norms can be important milestones; preventive duties of protection for states (e.g., “due diligence”) can also be derived from customary international law – especially requirements regarding cooperation. States must fulfil these preventive protection obligations by taking joint action to enhance cyber security. In order to create long-term legal certainty and to holistically promote cybersecurity, a binding convention on cyber security is necessary.
More external publications
- Research and Analysis
24.08.2026
In this publication, Annegret Bendiek, Jonas Hemmelskamp, Michael Bayerlein, and Maik von der Forst analyse the current state of the healthcare sector as a target of malicious cyber activities on the national, European, and global levels.
26 June 2025
In this article, Jakob Bund examines how authoritarian states like Russia, China, and North Korea increasingly harness non-state cyber actors to expand their capabilities, blur attribution, and complicate global responses. He argues that this growing fusion of state and criminal or contractor activity demands integrated threat assessments and response tools that can operate independently of political attribution.