In 2023, the European Repository of Cyber Incidents (EuRepoC) recorded a total of 895 new cyber operations, averaging about 75 operations per month. There were notable spikes in reported activity during March and May, with 115 and 112 new operations recorded in these months, respectively. In contrast, the summer months saw a decline in reported operations.
This publication analyses developments in cyberspace in 2025, using EuRepoC data to build situational awareness for the cyber threat landscape surrounding the European Union.