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EuRepoC Cyber Conflict Briefing – Q4 2025

Key trends, dynamics, and findings on cyber incidents

Overall observations

In the fourth quarter (Q4) of 2025, a total of 207 new cyber operations were added to the EuRepoC database, representing approximately 9.2 percent fewer operations than in the third quarter (Q3). Despite this slight decline, the figure remains well above the quarterly values recorded in the second half of 2024 and the first half of 2025, and exceeds the long-term quarterly average recorded by EuRepoC of 186 operations by 21 incidents.

The average intensity of the operations recorded during the quarter was 3.13, thus remaining above the historical average (2.94), while being slightly below the relatively high intensity observed in Q3 (3.24). In the short-term trend, the average intensity of recorded incidents has therefore declined somewhat.

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