In this research paper, Annika Sachs, Imke Schmalfeldt and Kerstin Zettl-Schabath closely examine the actual application of the EU’s Cyber Diplomacy Toolbox (CDT) measures by EU institutions/actors over the last six years.

In this extended version of our Cyber Conflict Briefing, we analyse key trends from 895 cyber operations recorded in 2023. The German edition is published in collaboration with the Tagesspiegel Cybersecurity Background, accessible here.

Our monthly briefings summarise the key trends, dynamics, and findings on cyber incidents as recorded by EuRepoC in a given month. The November 2023 briefing is available here. The German edition is published in collaboration with the Tagesspiegel Cybersecurity Background, accessible here.